![]() Pathway pathology may help solve this problem. It constitutes a major task to incorporate all the data into routine medical work. In addition, large datasets generated by “genomics“, e.g., whole-genome sequencing, expression profiling or methylome analysis, are meanwhile not only applied in research but also introduced into clinical settings. The International Classification of Diseases will expand from 14.400 entities/codes in ICD-10 to more than 55.000 in ICD-11. Medical doctors and researchers nowadays have to deal with a tremendous amount of data. The axiom of cellular pathology, however, still holds true, as cells are the smallest animate units from which diseases originate. In addition, the completion of the Human Genome Project, with the identification of more than 20.000 genes and a much higher number of gene variants and mutations, led to the concept that diseases are dominated by genetics/epigenetics rather than cells of origin. Many diseases are nowadays considered to originate from undifferentiated stem cells, induced into a diseased state by genetic or epigenetic alterations. This dogma is meanwhile challenged by the fact that cells can be fully reprogrammed. So far, classification has been based on the paradigm of cellular pathology established by Rudolf Virchow and others more than 150 years ago, stating that diseases originate from diseased cells. ![]() ![]() Standard tools are macroscopic and microscopic analysis complemented by immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology. The focus of pathology as a biomedical discipline is the identification of the pathomechanisms of diseases and the integration of this knowledge into routine diagnosis and classification.
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